Japanese Gardening
Japanese gardening is a cultural form of
gardening that is meant to produce a scene that mimics nature as
much as possible by using trees, shrubs, rocks, sand, artificial
hills, ponds, and flowing water as art-forms. The Zen and Shinto
traditions are both a large part of Japanese gardening and, because
of this; the gardens have a contemplative and reflective state of
mind. Japanese gardening is much different than the Western style
and most would say it is far more meditational and soul soothing.
In Japanese gardening there are three basic methods for scenery. The
first of these is reduced scale. Reduced scale is the art of taking
an actual scene from nature, mountains, rivers, trees, and all, and
reproducing it on a smaller scale. Symbolization involves
generalization and abstraction. An example of this would be using
white sand to suggest the ocean. Borrowed views refers to artists
that would use something like an ocean a forest as a background, but
it would end up becoming an important part of the scene.
There are essentially two types of Japanese gardening: tsukiyami,
which is a hill garden and mainly composed of hills and ponds. The
other is hiraniwa, which is basically the exact opposite of
tsukiyami: a flat garden without any hills or ponds.
The basic elements used in Japanese gardening include rocks, gravel,
water, moss, stones, fences, and hedges. Rocks are most often used
as centerpieces and bring a presence of spirituality to the garden.
According to the Shinto tradition rocks embody the spirits of
nature. Gravel is used as a sort of defining surface and is used to
imitate the flow of water when arranged properly. Stones are used to
create a boundary and are sculpted into the form of lanterns. Water,
whether it be in the form of a pond, stream, or waterfall, is an
essential part of a Japanese garden. It can be in the actual form of
water or portrayed by gravel, but no matter what form water is in,
it is crucial to a Japanese gardens balance.
There are several forms and types of plants that are signature of
Japanese gardening, the main one being Bonsai. Bonsai is the art of
training everyday, average plants, such as Pine, Cypress, Holly,
Cedar, Cherry, Maple, and Beech, to look like large, old trees just
in miniature form. These trees range from five centimeters to one
meter and are kept small by pruning, re-potting, pinching of growth,
and wiring the branches.
Japanese gardening is a tradition that has crossed the Muso Soseki,
poet, said “Gardens are a root of transformation”. A Japanese garden
is sure to bring about many different feelings and is definitely a
transforming experience.
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